Chemistry had made great advance in early decades of nineteenth century. Urea was synthesized from inorganic source in 1828 which lead to the belief that all organic compounds can be synthesized chemically (earlier it was thought that organic compounds can only be synthesized by living organisms). This was the reason why chemists (J.J. Berzelius, J. Lubig & F. Wohler etc.) thought that all the biological processes are chemical process and has no relation with organisms. The actual truth was something different though. All the biological processes are indeed chemical process, but are controlled by living organisms only through actions of their unique enzymes. So when in 1837 C. Caniard-Latour, Th. Schann & F. Kützing independently proposed that fermentation of sugars to ethyl alcohol and CO₂ was carried out by yeasts, no chemists believed it & opposed the idea. They thought a simple conversion of sugar to alcohol must be a chemical process and has no link with presence of any organisms in the infusion.